Extended producer responsibility for fossil fuels ^*

Abstract Energy policy faces a triple challenge: increasing resilience and guaranteeing the security of supply both fossil non-fossil energy, minimising impact on consumer energy prices, retaining consistency with Paris Agreement climate goals. High prices producer rents, however, also present an opportunity: to open conversation about applying principle extended responsibility (EPR) fuels. We demonstrate that this could deconflict at affordable cost by stopping fuels from causing further global warming. Implementing EPR through combination geological CO 2 storage nature-based solutions can deliver net zero comparable or lower costs than conventional scenarios driven carbon price subject constraints deployment. It would mean principal beneficiary high fuel industry itself, plays its part in addressing challenge while reducing risk asset stranding.